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Tocqueville’s Democracy in America

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Explore the challenges of equality

MAX. NO. PARTICIPANTS: 12

LOCATION: Leiden

Thursday 14.00 - 16.00

DATA: January 30 - May 29 2025

LANGUAGE: English/Dutch

COST: €2.195

DEADLINE: January 4th, 2025


Alexis de Tocqueville lived during the aftermath of the French Revolution, when France transitioned from aristocracy to democracy. He is widely regarded as one of the most important thinkers on modern democracy. What are the advantages and disadvantages brought by the new equality? What, if anything, can be saved from aristocracy? In studying Tocqueville’s classic work you will explore themes such as the dangers of majoritarian tyranny, the opportunities for social advancement, and the phenomenon of individualism. You will gain valuable insights into the nature of democracy and the unique social and political problems posed by it.

Teacher: Dr. Melvin Schut

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, University of Chicago Press, translation by Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop. ISBN: 978-0226805368

We will read the entire book cover to cover, proceeding about 50 pages each week.

Where can I find the syllabus for this course?

Advanced students in all fields. Recently graduated or professional: you are very welcome too.


Who is the teacher?

Dr. Melvin Schut


When does this course take place?

From 30 January to 22 May.


What do I receive after this course?

Upon successfully completing the course, you will receive a certificate.


Classroom discussion

All class sessions will be conducted as “seminars,” or Socratic conversations. Students are expected to actively participate in the discussion for the duration of each class session.


What is the Studium, and when can I use it?

The Studium is a dedicated study space for students enrolled in a course at the Pascal Institute. You are welcome to use it every weekday from 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM. The Studium offers a quiet environment where you can focus and find inspiration. For more information, please contact aanmeldingen@pascalinstitute.com


How much does it cost?

This course costs €2195 per semester. 16 weeks of class, 2 hours per week.


Am I eligible for a scholarship?

There are various foundations providing scholarships for students. One such foundation is Landmerk, which specifically supports liberal education based on the great books. There are scholarships available for 100%, 90%, 75% and 50% of the tuition fee. For more information, visit: landmerk.nl/beurzen. Scholarships are awarded by an independent selection committee.

Many students have already been granted scholarships for our courses.


How do I apply?

The deadline is January 4th 2025. You can start the application process by filling out the form at the bottom of this page.